Red leaf monle of sugarcane is associated with several symptoms that can vary from wine-red spots to white stripes and chlorotic bands. The disease is caused by the peanut clump virus (sugarcane isolate). Serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or electron microscopy can be used to detect the pathogen in leaves, stalks or roots. The pathogen can be easily transmitted by cuttings, and no treatment is presently known to eliminate the virus in infected material. The disease apparently occurs in only a few countries so far; therefore, great attention should be paid during germplasm exchange involving infected locations.