The introduction of litchi into Madagascar would date back to 1802 and the first exportations to Europe began in the 1960s. Initially, fresh lychee were exported by plane and volumes were slight. In spite of the small quantities exported, this species was quickly integrated into the East Coast Agro-systems. In 1987, the warrant granted by the EEC to import litchis treated with sulphur dioxide considerably modified the stakes of this field. This post harvest treatment, guaranteeing the preservation of litchi for more than 4 weeks has allowed the use of sea transport of this fruit, and consequently a strong decline in the importation price of litchi. In a few short years, Madagascar has become the top export country for litchi, only by modification of means of transportation and a better commercialization of fruit. To meet the demand, the number of operators has grown and the collecting area has been considerably extended. However, this change is fulfilled by focusing exclusively on commercial aspects and by neglecting the production and techniques of treatment with sulphur. However, in the face of the hardening of European control, the increasing requirements of consumers, and to the emergence of new export countries, the Malagasy litchi industry must be structured around the aim of improving the quality of the exported litchi to avoid disaster. For that purpose, produce tracing operations have been executed during the last season and storage simulation have been carried out in Madagascar. The results show that with the present working conditions, and taking into account the diversity of operators and means of transportation, the hope for a quick qualitative improvement on exported litchis with respect to maximum rates of sulphur residue upon arrival in Europe is illusive.