India is undertaking a process of liberalization of the agricultural sector as part of the structural adjustment program. But several questions arise: can farmers react positively to a change in price policies which implies higher prices fluctuation? Will these policies increase structural problems? Will they have a positive or negative impact on food security? A mathematical model is used to simulate farmers responses to some policy scenarios. The results show that the positive response to a liberal scenario will depend on the agrotechnical possibilities of the regions to take advantage of the changes in price, which might increase disparities between regions.