Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a devastating respiratory infection of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum sp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease is widespread in East Africa, mainly in Ethiopia. CCPP can be controlled by routine vaccination of susceptible flocks. During outbreaks a ring vaccination and treatment of affected flocks with broad acting antibiotics are practised to control the spread of the infection. These treatments however, appear less effective. The unrestricted flock movement often hinders the control measures and further there is a doubt on the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. The fate of treated (recovering) goats, if they turn out to be chronic carriers like in CBPP, and the risk of antibiotic resistance are uncertain. Here the effect of antibiotic treatments, with oxytetracycline or the combination of streptomycin and penicillin were evaluated in naturally infected goats. Acute CUP affected goats were obtained from the area with a confirmed outbreak at southern Ethiopia (Konso). The goats were treated with just one-injection or triple injections of each antibiotic on consecutive days using the recommended dosage and control goats were left untreated. The goats were clinically monitored and autopsied for pathological examination after 4 or 8 weeks post treatment and samples of nasal swabs, thoracic fluids and lung were collected for bacteriological investigations. The Mccp specific antibody response in the serum was measured by blocking-ELISA before and weekly after the treatments. All the treated goats showed clinical recovery. After 8 weeks, no major lung lesions were present in the goats that received triple injections of the antibiotics. In contrast, scattered encapsulated foci in the lungs and fibrous adhesion of the pleura were observed in the goats that received a single injection of either of the antibiotics that suggest a chronic form. The agent, Mccp was isolated from the lungs and thoracic fluids from treated- and contr