Despite their name, "perennial crops" are not really perennial. Tree crop systems are rarely sustainable. Massive migrations, which usually accompany commodity booms, make them especially fragile. Replanting is also more difficult, and more costly, than planting. This is an investment issue, which is neither purely technical nor specific to tree crops. Any social and economic entity, one day a another, faces a major problem in renewing its capitol and ideas. Nevertheless, the loss of the fares rent, and the complexity of rural societies built through massive migrations, certainly lead to aggravated risks of non-sustainability and political errors, The local determinants of the replanting decision, and the environment that enables farmers to try to overcome replanting difficulties, are evaluated here through two village case studies in Côte d'Ivoire. Farmers' initiatives show promise, but are insufficient, There is a need for a strong replanting policy. Instead, as happened in the post in other household rural economies, the country is running a high risk of serious conflicts over land.