Geographical Indications are currently a thematic of great relevance. The protection of geographical names for original local productions raises an increasing interest from farmers, artisan processors and governments. The internationalization of agro-food markets leads to a greater importance of property rights and other related concerns. The preservation of traditional knowledge, the power that the image of the region exerts on consumer attractiveness, the local synergies with other economic sectors, are further arguments for this increasing attention. On the European continent, the concept is well known by consumers and implemented in a number of countries with largely positive impacts. In the new world and in developing countries, a growing interest is also visible, mainly because many drivers and trends playing at the international level are the same. Geographical Indications are one of the most debated Intellectual Property Rights at the World Trade Organization. This generates an intense activity at the level of intergovernmental negotiations. However, the need to create technical fora with regulators in charge of applying the legal frameworks and with rural development practitioners is becoming more evident.