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Integrated control of Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon

Ten Hoopen G.M., Kuaté J., Mbarga J.B., Atangana J.B., Tchana T., Bateman R., Hebbar P.K., Cilas C., Tondje P.R.. 2010. In : 16th International Cocoa Research Conference. Proceedings : towards rational cocoa production and efficient use ofr a sustainable world cocoa economy. Lagos : Cocoa Producers' Alliance, p. 1189-1194. Conférence Internationale sur la Recherche Cacaoyère. 16, 2009-11-16/2009-11-21, Bali (Indonésie).

Control of Phytophthora megakarya, the causal agent of cocoa black pod in Cameroon is commonly obtained by fungicide spraying of either copper compounds or a mixture of metalaxyl-M with copper compounds. Research on biocontrol of P. megakarya has identified an isolate of Trichoderma asperellum, PR11 as a promising biocontrol agent (BCA) of P. megakarya. The objective of this study was to test rational pesticide and integrated control approaches using fungicide and fungicide-BCA combinations. Field trials were carried out over a period of two years (2007-08). Two trial sites were selected for both years. At each site a randomized complete block design was used with three replicate plots per treatment. Plots were sprayed in three-week intervals using motorized mistblowers. Treatments were i) control (water only), ii) T. asperellum PR11 formulated with starch, iii) T. asperellum followed by copper hydroxide (Kocide), and iv) Ridomil gold, a mixture of metalaxyl-M and cuprous-oxide, followed by Kocide. The second year a fifth treatment was added, v) Banko plus (Chlorothalonil with Carbendazim) followed by Kocide, whereas the Kocide/Ridomil treatment was changed to a Ridomil only treatment and the Kocide-T. asperellum treatment was changed to T. asperellum formulated with clay. The number of rotten and ripe pods was recorded weekly. There were marked and significant differences between sites (P<0.0001) but not between years with regard to total percentage pod rot. Overall, the Ridomil only and the Ridomil-Kocide treatments were significantly (P<0.0001) better than all other treatments except the PR11-Kocide treatment which was similar to the Ridomil-Kocide treatment. Reductions in pod rot compared with the absolute control were between 24 and 73% for the Ridomil only and between 15 and 68% for the Ridomil-Kocide treatments. Depending on the site, PR11 was able to reduce percentage pod rot between 13 and 34% whereas the combination of PR11 and Kocide reduced pod rot

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