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Importance and diagnostic of viral disease of banana and plantain

Teycheney P.Y.. 2009. In : Pocasangre Luis E., Quesada Ligia, Brown David. Reunion de Grupos de interés sobre los Riesgos de la Raza Tropical 4 de Fusarium, BBTV y otras Plagas de Musaceas para la Region del OIRSA, America Latina y el Caribe : Documentos de Programa y Resumenes de la Reunion OIRSA Sede Central, San Salvador, El. San José : OIRSA, p. 35-35. Reunion de Grupos de interés sobre los Riesgos de la RT4 de Fusarium, BBTV y otras Plagas de Musaceas para la Region del OIRSA, America Latina y el Caribe. 1, 2009-07-29/2009-07-31, San Salvador (El Salvador).

Eight viruses infecting Musa spp. have been characterized so far : Abacá bunchy top virus (ABTV), Abacá mosaic virus (AbaMV), Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV), Banana mild mosaic virus (BanMMV), Banana streak viruses (BSV), Banana virus X (BVX) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). ABTV and BBTV are by far the most destructive and economically important of these viruses. Their efficient transmission by the aphid species Pentalonia nigronervosa ensures a very rapid spread. Therefore, they currently cause devastating outbreaks on banana, plantain and Musa textilis in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and have the potential to spread and threaten banana and plantain production worldwide. Other viruses infecting Musa spp. have important, although geographically more limited, impact on yields and fruit quality. However, all viruses infecting Musa spp are important constraints to the conservation, movement and propagation of Musa germplasm, because they are vegetatively transmitted. BSV is also currently the main constraint to the genetic improvement of banana and plantain because of the presence of infectious BSV endogenous sequences (eBSV) in the genome of Musa balbisiana. Infectious eBSV sequences are expressed in interspecific banana and plantain hybrids, whereas natural or synthetic, through activation processes triggered by biotic or abiotic stresses such as in vitro culture. Therefore mass micropropagation techniques cannot be considered safe due to the risk of activating infectious eBSV sequences. Efficient, reliable and specific diagnostic techniques are the key to the control of diseases. Such techniques exist for each of the viral diseases of Musa spp. Standard ELISA test is reliable for the detection of CMV, but is not recommanded or does not exist for other viruses infecting Musa spp. Hence, in the last few years, molecular or immuno-molecular diagnostic techniques were developed for the detection of all v

Mots-clés : virus des végétaux; musa (bananes); musa (plantains)

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