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Adapting the rice crop to hotter environments: Current and future activities at IRRI

Lafarge T., Fitzgerald M.A., Heuer S., Howell G.J., Krishna J.S.V., Tao Li, Peng S., Redona E.D., Sumfleth K., Wassmann R.. 2009. In : Hasegawa Toshihiro (ed.), Sakai Hidemitsu (ed.). Crop production under heat stress : monitoring, impact assessment and adaptation. Proceedings of the MARCO Symposium, Tsukuba, Japan, 5-9 October 2009. Tsukuba : NIAES, p. 65-65. Marco Symposium "Challenges for Agro-Environmental Research in Monsoon Asia". 1, 2009-10-05/2009-10-09, Tsukuba (Japon).

Future climate scenarios are claiming for an increase in global temperature of 2 to 4°C by 2100 in the rice production areas in Asia One of the mandates of the International Rice Research Institute is to predict to what extent the different rice growing areas will be affected, tu analyze consequences on rice production and to provide adaptive strategies. A regional assessment of vulnerability to heat has been conducted by lRRl scientists on rice cropping areas by linking ORYZA2000 with Geographic Information System (GIS). The establishment of a spatio-temporal geo-statistical framework will soon allow identifying regions of risks of heat induced sterility, for which the threshold panicle temperature commonly ranges from 35 to 38°C with respect to the variety. To face this major issue, lRRl scientists are conducting multi-location testing of promising varieties and developing new genetic materials by screening donors from gene bank accessions. Some heat tolerance breeding populations have been developed and dispatched for hotspot screening, and 4 QTL mapping populations have been developed for polymorphism characterization. In addition, anthers of 3 lines contrasted for heat induced sterility were extracted, and some candidate genes are currently being sequenced and will be targeted for transformation. Donors for earlier time of the day of anthesis are investigated for heat induced sterility avoidance: 42 lines among 4000 from the lRRl gene bank accessions appeared to have peaked by 9am and were sent for testing in 5 Asian countries. An integrated phenotyping study for earlier time of the day of anthesis, heat tolerance to sterility and heat tolerance to chalkiness during grain filling, is actually conducted on a set of 212 contrasted accessions in the phytotron. Indeed, lRRl scientists demonstrated under plant temperatures higher than 30°C that genotypes that did not adapt to high temperature produced chalky grains whereas those that sacrificed part of their sink si

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