The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) can affect rice growth by affecting water status of the plants and/or thermal conditions of leaves or the canopy. Rice responses to increasing temperatures may also be altered by changes in VPD. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to determine the interactive effects of temperature and VPD on rice growth, but we need to examine genotypic variation in growth responses to VPD to better understand the interaction and it implication for adaptation to climate change. This study aims to determine the genotypic variability in responses to VPD using four varieties that showed different temperature responses in our previous study. We used two naturally-sunlit growth chambers (Climatron) of NIAES, Tsukuba, Japan, setting day/night temperature at 32/22DC for both chambers but different relative humidity (RH) levels; one at 80% (Low VPD9l.74 KPa) and the other at 50% (High VPIY=1.84 KPa). Seedlings of Akihikari, IR64, N22 and Takanari were grown outside until 21 days after sowing (DAS), then moved to the chambers and allowed to grow for 30 days. Growth and physiological responses were determined during the treatment period. Leaf temperature (Tl) measured under the mid-day cloudless conditions at 45 DAS with infra-red thermometers (Konica-Minolta, TA-0510) was significantly higher in low VPD than in high VPD (P<O.OOI), but the difference in Tl between the treatments was larger in Akihikari and N22 (3 DC) than in IR64 and Takanari (1.4 ·C), resulting in a highly significant interaction between genotype and VPD (P<O.OOI). Interestingly, genotypic variation in Tl was small under high VPD, but was noted in low VPD. The reason for the VPD x genotype interaction was not clear, but this suggests that under humid conditions, Tl of Akihikari and N22 may become higher than that of other varieties even under the same air temperature. VPD also had significant effects on growth parameters: the high VPD treatment significantly enhanced ti