This study has been led during a Thematic School: "Formation to human sciences methods applied to agroforestry" which took place from 5th to 17th of October 2009 in two sessions: 6 days in Montpellier and 6 days on the field. An international and multidisciplinary team conducted a study on inhabitants and socio professional stakeholders' perception of the evolution of the soutern Causses landscape. This landscape is a specific French heritage, supporting the identity support of a part of its inhabitants, and whose preservation is at stake. However, directly linked with agrarian history, the processes are currently changing the landscape, in particular, the function of the rangeland. The landscape is closing, colonized by bushy and tree vegetation; rangelands are fenced; pine plantations appear here and there. Faced with this evolution negatively judge by most of the stakeholders interviewed, their reaction varies according to their profession, social commitment, or their professional aspirations. So, the people of Causses see the future of "agropastoralism" according to the 5 following perspectives: (i) landscape preservation and management, (ii) improving income and attracting young farmers, (iii) new market opportunities for specialized projects in the region, (iv) the promotion of tourism in the region, (v) the coordination of various stakeholders efforts such as farmers, elected members, government officials, hunters, CPIE and ONF.