Tour of Shanghai region and Chongming Island --- Jiao Tong University (Franco-Chinese ARCUS project). Tour of Southeast Yunnan. Route Kunming -- Wenshan - Mengzi - Kunming - YAAS University. Seen on Chongming Island and areas around Shanghai (Qingpu) : - In the field: Agroforestry work (Dr. Chunjiang Liu), very intensive cropping system. Rice/wheat with tillage, burnt straw, massive use of chemical fertilizers including N (> 240--300 kg/ha/year) on slightly alkaline, hydromorphic alluvial soils with a varying water table. - Jiao Tong University: Multi-disciplinary complex with state-of-the-art equipment and top level scientists. Proposals: ? Improve agroforestry DMC systems to be "as fully ecological as possible". - Convert the existing rice/wheat system into a DMC with management of straw combined with live perennial legume covers planted in the wheat and controlled by irrigation water in the rice - Rapid reduction of chemical inputs to quickly achieve organic rice/wheat production with clean soil and water without productivity loss. - DMC rice/wheat systems set up on farms and on the University campus to serve Franco-Chinese PhD trainings on major biology topics at the heart of DMC operations (carbon sequestration, pertinent global biological indicators, microbial ecology tools, ecology engineering x ecosystem services including phytoremediation, optimization of "genotypes x environments x soil and crop management mode" relationships). Seen in southeast Yunnan (Wenshan) - Mediterranean red soil (fersiallitic) on upland peneplains and on low mountains +/-- leached, active degradation under heavy tillage; mountains farmed from top to bottom, manure carried up on people's backs, 1000 m²/worker. On the plains, irrigated rice farming on the lowest lying zones during the hot season, potato on straw beds (rice straw). Vertisol +/-- saline bordering on red soil on the large upland plains planted with fruit trees (grape vines, Eriobotrya japonica, Punica granatum, Morus al