Presentation : This final round table has been organized to debate whether traditional knowledge in animal production is an obstacle or a source of innovation. I suggest you starting this discussion by a presentation of what "traditional knowledge" means. Then, the several chairmen would mobilize the mains results of their sessions to feed the exchanges: Pr. Zervas is questioned about the relationship between tradition and innovation in terms of technical efficiency of production systems and activities, Dr. Brunori on the management of knowledge and innovation processing, then Dr. Faye on the relationships between social demand and animal production sectors. To finish, Dr. Boutonnet will give us his vision on how to structure between innovation and tradition and will conclude this round table