The sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is the main vector of the Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV; genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae), a disease of economical importance in the sugarcane growing area. Resistance was detected in the sugarcane cultivar R 365, using a three-year field trial in La Reunion island. In laboratory, R 365 reduced aphid populations on potted plantlets and excised leaves. Using the electrical penetration graph technique, we detected a delayeddelayed aphid salivation in phloem and inhibition of passive phloem sap uptake in R 365. Future research to evaluate the resistance durability and efficiency against Melanaphis sacchari diversity and its potential for reduction of SCYLV incidence through sugarcane cultivation schemes will be discussed.