The changes of the camel farming passing from traditional way to modern style lead to decrease the apparent sustainability of the camel production throughout the world. The challenges for all camel stakeholders to maintain this image and to promote a "sustainable development" involve the control of the camel demography which must be balanced with the carrying capacity, the preservation of the camel biodiversity, the development of alternative feeding systems for preserving the water resources in desert areas, the promotion of high-value products to the growing market, the control of the health constraints for a highly mobile camel population, and the respect of the social role of camel in the new living standard.