The 2010 international conference on integrative landscape modelling gathered around 100 leading scientists in each of the main disciplines dealing with ecosystems and landscape simulation and management, complex dynamic modelling and assessment of vulnerability, resilience and adaptation of agro- and eco-systems under human influence. The main objectives of the conference were: To discuss the objectives, priorities and expectations when modelling the functioning of landscapes; To share experience about landscape modelling and to identify major existing conceptual and technological gaps; To release a state of the art' about landscape modelling and simulation; To start building an international network on integrative ecosystems and landscape modelling. The landscape: a complex system The landscape is a result of complex interactions between biophysical and ecological processes (the environment' sub-system) and human activities (the human' sub-system). These two sub-systems are closely inter-dependent: land use and management, driven by socio-economic and environmental factors, lead to changes in the functioning of ecosystem processes, which in turn influence human decisions. The study of landscapes implies researches in many different disciplines like soil sciences, hydrology, agronomy, ecology, social sciences, economy As such, in order to gain a better understanding of landscape functioning, it is necessary to integrate of the various components of the system and their dynamic interactions through modelling approaches. To do so, researchers from each of the disciplines involved not only need to work together, but also with scientists in the domain of mathematics and computing. The landscape is a relevant scale of study both for a better understanding of the impacts of global changes and as a unit of dialogue among local stakeholders for decision making about land use planning in order to optimise environmental services in a sustainable way. For these reasons, there