The paper summarises the development of the policymix for forest conservation at national level and how it shaped the current PES Program. In the first part, the paper analyzes the economic trends, macroeconomic policies and international context that shaped the national conservation policies until the launching of the PES program. To add to the national analysis, we analize the path dependency of the PES program in Hojancha. In this part of the paper, we study the interaction between the national and local contexts as to identify how community specific characteristics might impact the way national policies are adopted at lower organization levels. The paper finishes with a critical discussion of Ostrom's SES framework as a tool for empirical analysis of PES 'fit' with local conditions. (Texte intégral)