This paper relates the findings of a participatory assessment of innovation processes surrounding the domestication and exploitation of Aloe genus in semiarid Kenya. The research was conducted under the EU-funded JOint Learning in Innovation Systems in African Agriculture (JOLISSA) project. The assessment approach consisted mostly of conducting individual or group semistructured interviews with key stakeholders related to aloe. The objective was to understand the dynamics of aloe domestication and exploitation and the interactions between the stakeholders involved. Stakeholders included the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), Office of the President, Koriema-Kimalel-Sabor (KOKISA) communities, an community-owned Aloe processing unit, Aloe management community groups, a private sector aloe trader and exporter, independent aloe sap growers, processors and traders. The innovation process developed in two parallel threads, with little interaction among them. On one hand, an informal thread developed which was headed by Aloe sap traders who induced and developed a non-official supply chain to collect and process sap harvested from wild aloe for a mostly non-regulated export market. In so doing, they developed a number of innovations (such as sap purity tests) and also trained farmers on different aspects of harvesting and processing aloe sap. They also came up with barter schemes to resolve the problem of low capital available to buy sap. This informal value chain was however deemed illegal, shunned by public institutions. On the other hand, an initial presidential ban on wild aloe harvesting triggered the interest of the scientific community. Aloe domestication and exploitation received donor support with the intention to develop the various components of a certified sustainable harvesting and marketing aloe value chain. This included establishing a public-private partnership (PPP) to build and operate a factory for processing aloe s