Sugarcane varietal improvement requires the introduction of vegetative propagation material. The continued increase of international and intercontinental trade of plants has led to the enforcement of quarantine measures in many countries before the introduction of vegetatively propagated material because many plant pathogens can be carried and transmitted by them. Visacane is the CIRAD's sugarcane quarantine (http://visacane.cirad.fr/en/). Visacane has been devoted to sugarcane quarantining for several decades. It covers detection of pests and pathogens, elimination of pests and pathogens, and transfer of plant material free of pests and pathogens. Besides phytosanitary constraints, this quarantine structure also takes into account legal constraints and ensures that plant breeders' intellectual property rights over the transferred material are respected. Visacane can import and export varieties from and to most sugarcane growing countries in the world, ensuring that the material is free from any well-known important pest and disease causing agent. Because it is integrated into a pathology research unit studying various aspects of plant-pathogen interactions, and thanks to its collaborations within a network of sugarcane technologists, Visacane can regularly update its expertise and propose plant material exhibiting the best possible phytosanitary quality.