Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) must face climate change (CC) issues together with other priorities for agriculture and rural landscapes. Although a diversity of possible CSA conducive instruments can been listed, the policy processes conditioning their emergence and successful implementation have not been thoroughly identified. In most countries, instruments already exist to foster environmental friendly practices, such agro-environmental measures, but their specific attention to CC is still limited. Simultaneously, agricultural actions take part of more general CC national strategies but face difficulties in being adopted and implemented. This communication proposes an integrated framework to analyze policies processes for CSA. From a review of mitigation and adaptation experiences in Latin America, we first identify the specificity of CC challenges for the agriculture, and the existing policies and instruments that are currently proposed to CSA. Then, we review the different policy analytical frameworks developed by cognitive approaches of policy process analysis (Multiple Stream Framework, Advocacy Coalition Framework), and by institutional economics literature (Path Dependency, Institutional Analysis and Development). We identify the adjustments required in the existing frameworks to usefully analyze processes towards CSA conducive policies, enabling to cope with some specific issues of CC such as: its multiscale dimension, high level of uncertainties, high role of expertise, low salience of problem, difficulties to frame, law institutionalization of protagonists. (Texte intégral)