Facing to the mutations related to climate change and globalization of the economy, Sahelian pastoralists are not necessarily located on the margins of development, as evidenced by the emergence of peri-urban production systems. The example of the camel dairy farmers on the outskirts of Agadez (Niger) is an emblematic example. The commodification of camel milk accompanying the high dynamic urbanization of the region, the evolutions of farming systems marked by a restriction of mobility, the spatial differentiation of the camel herds and the ambivalent role for women are some of the elements showing the adaptation of the production systems for answering to the new challenges. The dynamics of these systems are analyzed by using the analytical framework of Sustainable Rural Livelihood (SRL) based on the assessment of natural, financial and social capital. Three trends could be observed: (i) a tendency towards partial settlement of the herd and the families, (ii) an amplification of the commodification of milk, and (iii) a significant change in social relations within the family. In this context, the market integration of camel milk as part of household cash plays a key role in securing the smallholders.