The oil palm, E. guineensis Jacq., is the main oleaginous plant cultivated in the world. The fungi Ganoderma boninense has been identified as the main harmful phytopathogen of these cultures in South-East Asia. It is responsible of major economic losses due to weakening, necrosis and death of the host plant. This fast-growing agro-industry in the tropical belt is now confronted to the emergence of Ganoderma in Cameroon. However, the incidence and epidemiology of the disease, as well as the species involved, differ from what has been observed in Asia. This research project aims to characterize the diversity and the genetic structuration of aggressive Ganoderma species found in plantation sites in Cameroon, using the ITS, nuc-SSU, nuc-LSU and mt-SSU molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis, complemented by a morpho-anatomic description of the samples. During this project, 43 samples of Ganoderma spp. have been collected on oil palm trees in 5 plantation sites of the SOCAPALM group in Cameroon, from which 40 pure culture isolates have been produced. A phylogeny based on the molecular marker nuc-SSU data of our samples has been reconstructed. (Texte intégral)