Against the backdrop of globalisation with tensions running high, white our planet struggles against climate change and the depletion of non-renewable resources, Africa is faced with the challenge of inventing original development models. These models need to address the considerable requirements generated by improvements in the standard of living, population growth and economic diversification, without reproducing traditional growth models that are no longer sustainable. This challenge is central to the African Union's Agenda 2063 for the structural transformation of the continent. It implies mobilising ail territorial resources available, in both urban and rural areas, in order to make full use of the range of existing spatial dynamics.