The literature has reported high level of AMR in farmed fish and the aquatic environment. Direct transmission of resistant pathogens and horizontal gene transfer will be highlighted to understand how inappropriate use of antibiotics increases the risk of AMR spread. In the current context of fish farming intensification, and considering the difficulty of legislation enforcement regarding antimicrobial agents use, and the absence of sanitary barriers in aquaculture, prudent use of antibiotics should be tackled as a priority at different levels of the stakeholders (legislation, control, inspections, production systems, export…). (Texte intégral)