In strawberry, the balance between flowering and vegetative development, including the production of stolons (elongated stems carrying the daughter plants), conditions the yield of the plant. The objective of the thesis was to better understand the developmental processes of strawberry plant, namely flowering, the vegetative development of axes and runnering, through a spatio-temporal study. Three complementary approaches have been developed on seasonal flowering varieties planted in "soilless" conditions: (1) modeling the weekly emergence of flowers, leaves and stolons by a longitudinal segmentation analysis, (2) spatio-temporal analysis of plant architecture during a seasonal production and (3) expression of key genes related to flowering. (1) Univariate multiple change-point models applied to each phenological variable were based on the assumption that phase changes were synchronous between individuals of a given variety. These models allowed to identify phases for each variety and each type of organ. Multivariate multiple change-point models combining the three types of organ highlighted a strong structuring of strawberry development by flowering and runnering. Moreover, the varieties can be grouped into two profiles of flowering with the presence or not of a second period of flowering. Finally, the stolon emergence models show a synchronism suggesting a strong environmental effect. (2) Spatio-temporal analysis of the architecture relied on a multi-scale tree graph allowing visual representation and topological analysis of plant development. This analysis revealed early topological differences as well as different strategies of development between varieties. These differences in development partially explain the different flowering patterns. (3) Among the genes studied for their expression during the cultivation of strawberry plants, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) appears as a marker of vegetative development and stolon emergence. An architectu