Livestock activities present large GHG emissions, especially in the Southern countries, but in the same time high potentialities for mitigation and adaptation. Promoting a transition to explore theses potentialities is a key challenge for CSA. The communication propose a strategy based on landscape structure designing in Amazon and Sahel, we discuss the contributions of landscape sharing or sparing debate. In the Amazon, research references about the mitigation capacities of managed pasture and forest can improve practices. New landscapes are appearing, with land use matrixes highly efficient to produce ecosystemic services, for production and conservation objectives. Forage diversification and forest connectivity are key to increase the adaptability to CC. In West Africa, research conducted at landscape level underlined the capacity of extensive pastoral systems to mitigate the GHG emissions with carbon sequestration in soil and vegetation. Village terroirs were traditionally built around a complementary between rangelands and cultivated areas. The challenge is to keep this equilibrium to ensure nutrient spatial transfers, C soil sequestration, and food productivity. An adapted governance to promote these landscape structure appears therefore as a key factor determining the land sharing level and the performances of these livestock agro-ecosystems face to CC (mitigation, resilience and productivity).