Freshwater fishes from the Tonle Sap Lake are used in several programs to improve the nutritional status of children and pregnant women. Our aim was to characterize the overall nutritional profile and heavy metal contents of ten freshwater fish species. The lipid contents ranged from 1.4 to 10.0 g/100 g and fish can be considered rich in omega 3. The vitamin A content was ten times higher in small fish eaten whole than in fillets of large fish; the same applies to the Fe and Zn contents, but to a lesser extent. Mn, As and Pb contents were over the maximum permissible levels in several fishes. According to SAIN and LIM classification, the ten fish species belong to the food groups recommended for health. However, when heavy metals were integrated in LIM, seven species were ranked into the food to consume in small quantities. Globally, the most interesting fish species was Henicorhynchus siamensis.