Chronologically, the Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels appeared in Europe for the first time in the insular part of Spain (Canary islands) in 1997 in a dromedary presenting the chronic form of the disease, then in France (departement of Aveyron) in 2006 following the importation of 5 camels from the infected island Gran Canaria and again in Spain but on the mainland (province of Alicante) in camels and some equines in April 2008. Surra in camels, being not an OIE listed disease like Surra in horses, was not officially reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Moreover, it was not inscribed in the national list of the dangerous animal diseases in Spain as it is the case in France. However, the situation was regularly followed in Spain thanks to the cooperation of colleagues of the Las Palmas University, responsible for the control of this outbreak. Their remarks were circulated through the annual reports of the NTTAT Group each year in May and to the OIE General Sessions. In particular, in 2005, the sudden increase of the Surra cases gave rise to a special warning in the report and was repeated in May 2006. In islands as on the mainland the same measures of control are used: after diagnosis (mainly blood smears, CATT and sometimes PCR) positive animals are treated with trypanocidal drugs (mainly melarsomine). Spraying of insecticides is also practised at the period of the activity of vectors. In France, the importation from Gran Canaria of dromedary camels of which one died from T. evansi infection triggered a considerable amount of surveys and research work, mostly carried out by the Trypanosome Laboratory in Montpellier and some by the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, during more than 2 years. Numerous data were obtained which were published or are still in press. As a conclusion, a legal provision from the Minister of Agriculture officially printed on 17 July 08 mentions: "Every animal recognised as infected (of surra) has