This chapter gives an overview on the use of hyperspectral imagery in remote sensing. Specifically, four thematic applications dealing with the characterization of natural landscapes are presented, giving the reader a glimpse of the role that hyperspectral imaging technologies play in environmental monitoring. Namely, applications related to planetary sciences, coastal areas, cryosphere, and vegetation are reported. For each remote sensing application considered in this chapter, some context is recalled allowing then to introduce a real case study and finally to present some open challenges.