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Cirad

Processing cotton seed into biodegradable materials for agriculture as an alternative to synthetic polymers in Latin Amercia : Final report. INCO-DEV : International Scientific Cooperation Projects (1998-2002)

Marquié C. (ed.), Do Amaral Sobral P.J., Legro B., Eisenberg P., Ferry L.. 2005. Montpellier : CIRAD-CA, 239 p..

Like most European countries, Brazil and Argentina are faced with environmental management problems. Biodegradable materials could be a suitable alternative to replace advantageously petroleum based products in agriculture. Cottonseed proteins have good film forming properties. Cottonseed derivatives such as kernels and cakes, that contain great protein content, should have potential for making biodegradable materials. The main objective of the project: was to develop, at pilot or industrial scale, seed coatings, films and composites materials, made from raw cotton seed derivatives (kernels and cakes) and plant fibres. This project focused: on two types of processing technologies: wet processes (casting, laminating, seed coating, spread coating and fabrication of composites with plant fibres) and low moisture technologies (extrusion, thermomoulding). In particular, the following activities were undertaken: - Physical and chemical characterization of raw cottonseed derivatives; - Fabrication, from cottonseed derivatives, of optimized film-forming solutions that can be used for seed coating, spread coating, casting and composite material processing; - Study of the rheological properties and thermo-mechanical behaviour of cottonseed derivatives; - Study of the film-forming and adhesive cottonseed protein properties; - Study of the diffusion of pesticides entraps in a cottonseed protein based film; - Fabrication of materials at industrial or industrial pilot scale; - Characterization of material properties; - Economic study. Results and outcome: The processing parameters to extract cottonseed protein, in order to make a film forming solution, were optimized. This film forming solution was characterized and its properties (film-forming, stability, viscosity) adjusted to be employed for seed coating, film and composite technologies. The nutritional value of the solid by-product of the film-forming solution preparation established the possibility to use this by-product for

Mots-clés : graine de coton; biopolymère; traitement; amérique latine

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