The West Palearctic species of Podagrion Spinola, 1811 are revised and keyed out. Podagrion bouceki sp. nov. is described. Podagrion pachymerum var. gibba Bernard, 1938 is treated as a valid species. Podagrion pachymerum var. rufiventre Giraud, 1863 and Cleptimorpha binotata Walker, 1872 are synonymized with Podagrion pachymerum (Walker, 1833), Podagrion meridionale Masi, 1935 and Podagrion enei Bakkendorf, 1960 with Podagrion klugianum (Westwood, 1847). Priomerus insidiosus Coquerel, 1856, Podagrion armigerum Masi, 1940, Podagrion tarachodesi Risbec, 1951 are treated as subspecies of P. klugianum (Westwood, 1847). Neotypes are selected for Podagrion splendens Spinola, 1811, the type species of the genus, for Priomerus insidiosus Coquerel, 1856 and Cleptimorpha binotata Walker, 1872. Lectotypes are designated for Podagrion pachymerum var. rufiventre Giraud, 1863, P. meridionale Masi, 1935, P. armigerum Masi, 1940, P. pachymerum var. gibba Bernard, 1938 and P. tarachodesi Bisbee. 1951.