In a context of climate change, adaptation of perennial plantations to water constraints becomes a major concern for wood and fruit productivity. Adaptation depends on the level of genetic diversity in breeding and natural populations, as well as their plasticity. This project plans to describe adaptive mechanisms under water constraints for three perennial plants of temperate and tropical regions, including Pinus, Eucalyptus and Coffea, through a combined analysis of plant architecture, physiology, anatomy and molecular responses to drought stress.