Most studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are generally made on long term experiments. These studies exhibited generally a positive effect of no-tillage (NT) systems on SOC when comparing with conventional tillage systems (CT) (Bernoux et al. 2006). No more information is given about the dynamics of SOC in a short term. However, it is crucial to know the dynamics of SOC between NT and CT, just after experiment installation because we do not know exactly if CT exhibits directly a depletion of SOC (due to high mineralization of SOC) following the first tillage action. So, this study aimed to know the short term dynamic of SOC in NT and CT systems for Malagasy context.