At the occasion of the 3rd IWEGA Advisory Board meeting, an international workshop was organized by IWEGA in Maputo in June 2011. This workshop provided the arena to discuss research and development issues related to water economics and governance in Africa. The IWEGA Advisory Board members analyzed and discussed current issues related to human and socio-economic aspects of water management and proposed tools, methods, strategies for research and development programs in Africa. This policy brief summarizes the presentations of the workshop and provides the main conclusions and the results of the discussions.