In the Sahara, intensive groundwater use has allowed the development of new agrarian dynamics. In Algeria, though traditional oases were in difficulty, some Saharan wilayas (districts) became the centre point for agriculture. During the 1980's, in these regions, the government launched pilot projects in intensive agriculture, especially in cereals like the California and Saudi model (Cote, 2002). Private investments were also encouraged through a law formalizing access to landownership for agricultural development (the 1983 land tenure law; APFA). New agrarian dynamics, such vegetables crops under greenhouses started to appear. In the 1990's, despite the failure of large cereal farms model, the government has continued to make significant investments in the development of new agricultural areas in different Saharan districts (agricultural and rural electrification, opening roads and farm tracks, drilling programs, etc.). In the early 2000s,t he dynamics of these territories was consolidated by the national plan for rural development (NADP) (Hartani et al. 2011). Biskra is one of the wilaya where neo-Saharan agriculture has known a remarkable development. Vegetable crops under greenhouse combined with traditional palm tree have developed and expanded rapidly on new land. Through experts have predicted a rapid decline of this Saharan agriculture, the high profitability of plasticulture supports not diversification of agricultural production systems but also expansion of palm trees (Amichi, 2012). This pioneer front remains a pole of attraction for private investors and Algerian farmers. In this study, undertaken in the municipality of El Ghrouss (wilaya of Biskra), we discussed and analyzed how this socio-ecological system (SES) adapt to both internal and external perturbations. We showed that the robustness of this SES, ie "the capacity of the system to maintain performance when subjected to internal and external perturbations" (Janssen and Anderies, 2007), is largel