Considering the great demand for pork meat and a general situation with high constraints, Vietnamese rural smallholders provide the main part of the national production but still remain vulnerable and disorganised while they greatly modify their relationship with the market and intensify their breeding system. By 2010, the pig production development concerning intensifying producers, local institutions, all stakeholders and research organisations will have to solve the equation "quantity,quality and sustainability". They will have to manage a production system in transition, and associate technical economic management in animal feeding, breeding and genetics with the local economic strategies induced by high commercial competition and lack offunds. A strong commitment has to be made in the collective struggle against animal diseases which threaten farms and decrease performances. In addition, general quality improvement is needed to reach the market in Vietnam which is becoming more and more demanding and to increase the value of pig products. The pig commodity chain will have to produce heavier and leaner carcasses butthe main challenge concerns sanitary quality at farm, slaughter, transportation, processing and marketing levels. Sustainable development in rural areas is linked to better organization so as to reduce risks. Improvement in agricultural services, enforcement of institutions and technical support organizations, contractual relationships between stakeholders to promote fair trade, the stronger involvement of banks and the insurance sector has to be considered. These conditions will allow the intensifying Vietnamese farmers to strengthen their production within the national market before competing in international markets.