In many parts of the Old World domesticated camels genus Camelus re an essential resource providing food labor commodities and sport to millions of people Of the three extant species two have been domesticated single humped dromedaries Camelus dromedarius and two humped Bactrian camels Camelus bactrianus and one remains wild two humped wild Bactrian camels Camelus ferus All three species possess a variety of adaptations to harsh desert conditions including mechanisms to tolerate extreme temperatures dehydration and sandy terrain Recent genomic studies of camels have identified patterns of selection consistent with the aforementioned adaptations in addition to quantifying genetic variation and examining demographic history However these studies are limited to analyses based upon a single genome from each species thus biasing many inferences of selection and adaptation Furthermore draft genomes are susceptible to errors in gene annotation thereby distorting conclusions of adaptation based upon orthologous genes between species In this study we take a population genomics approach to inferring both positive selection and demographic history of Old World camelids By re sequencing multiple genomes from all three species our objectives were to i) identify genes or regions under selection within and between species related to domestication or adaptation ii) examine the recent demographic history and genome ancestry and iii) provide an extensive set of genomic resources for future studies of camels.