Andean crops have formed the basis for much of the world's current staple diet. Peru is a center of origin for many species of grains such as Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Chenopodium palliducaule Aellen, and Amaranthus caudatus L. . Almost all the important native species of Peru are cultivated on the highlands in traditional agro-ecosystems by small scale farmers. We investigated the geographical distribution (presence or absence) and the diversity of conservation management practices for seven crop wild relatives of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. in six local communities of the Puno's Region in Peru. Qualitative research methods were applied to identify and describe farmers' practices related to species and agroecosystem management. Crop genetic diversification is a result of small farmer strategies and actions aimed at developing landraces adaptable to a broad range of climatic, ecological, agronomic and social conditions. The maintenance of this permanent process of farmer-driven genetic diversification and adaptation to face with global changes is directly linked to specific strategies applied to on farm management of quinoa's landraces and In situ conservation of an external pool of genes originated from crop wild relatives. The traditional cultural practices that are compatible with in situ conservation or sustainable use requirements have been declining over the last 50 years for our 6 study sites. The chorèmes are used for a graphic synthesis of the main drivers of changes. It is therefore important to identify the potential impact of the recent agricultural export market on on farm management of quinoa cultivars and on in situ conservation of the quinoa's wild relatives. We emphasize the importance of continuous co-learning with local actors for designing new rules for the sustainable management of complex agroecosystems and securing agricultural production for the future considering more the various dimensions of agrobiodiversity. (Texte intégral)