In Ecology terms, sustainability is the capacity to endure: it is how biological systems remain diverse and productive indefinitely. Sustainable development can be described as a development which does not compromise the capacity of coming generations to develop. On September 25th 2015 in New York, the United Nations adopted a set of 17 goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all, as part of a new sustainable development agenda. Each of these goals has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years. For the Sustainable Development Goals to be reached, everyone needs to do his part: not only the governments, the private sector, the civil society but people like you and me. Sustainable development relies on the harmonious balance between its three major pillars: People, Profit and Planet. These three pillars must also be considered when the sustainability of plantations systems is at question. Agro-ecology, conservation agriculture, use of ecosystem services and biodiversity, participatory breeding are all approaches that are used, depending on the circumstances, to boost the performance of agro-ecosystems and satisfy the need to adapt those systems and to provide local people with security. Sustainable plantation management will have to build on sound science-based evidence generated by multidisciplinary research work in key domains such as Precision Agriculture, Best Agricultural Practices, GreenHouse Gas mitigation, Integrated Pest Management or Waste management. Sustainable plantation systems result from a steady and dynamic process of innovation, giving rise to adapted planting material (yield, resistance…) and to an impressive arrays of emerging technologies (remote sensing, drones, interactive mapping). Thus there is a crucial need for efficient transfer of innovation through a new generation of Sustainability Managers who will be capable of implementing a new generation of Best Management Practices which already includes mod