Agro-ecological transition could be a way to address ecological, economic and social challenges faced by dairy farmers. Performances of livestock system are impacted by changes in farming practices. The purpose is to assess how those changes enable the transition toward agroecological systems. In order to assess agro-ecological transition process in progress, an original and general assessment framework was developed linking an analysis of farms trajectories with set of performance indicators. The framework was tested in milk farms with cows or ewes on two local territories in Burkina Faso and France. Performance indicators were based on the agroecology framework referring to productivity (ie. Liter of milk / hours of work with dairy cows), efficiency (ie milk added value / intermediate consumption), level of crop-livestock integration (ie carbon recycling or organic fertilizer coverage), and diversity to estimate robustness (ie products and users diversities through Shannon index). Indicators were mobilized at two state of the trajectory of the livestock farming system, before and after a period of transformation. This approach help us to determine links between changes in practices and performance of the livestock systems to assess agroecological transition in dairy farms. Here are some results from one of the sixth Burkinabe farm. Between period 1 and period 2, feed storage increased from 0 to 320 kg dry matter / dairy cow. This improvement allowed for an increase in the milk production during dry season from 273 to 865 liters / dairy cow. Economical productivity increased from 32 196 to 56 482 FCFA / dairy cow / year. Production costs increased from 9 to 106 FCFA / liter. However, farmers tended to use more inputs. The continuous presence of dairy cows on family farms improved the agriculture-livestock integration, due to their ability to provide 50% of the crops' organic fertilization needs. This application permit with a diversity of farms several paths toward