Disease surveillance generates evidence for decision making. Surveillance evaluation focuses on measuring the value of surveillance efforts to take meaningful actions and to inform policy decisions. This value will depend on how well aligned the surveillance efforts are with the fundamental policy question, and on the quality of the surveillance evidence (see Part II). The former relates to strategic relevance, the latter to operational performance. This chapter attempts to explore how evaluation could help improving the strategic relevance of animal health surveillance but also the barriers to the uptake of evaluation recommendations by policy makers, regardless of the surveillance performance itself.