The main tropical root, tuber and banana crops addressed within RTBfoods project are: cassava (Manihot esculenta), yam (Dioscorea spp.), sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and the East African Highland banana (Musa AAA group): Matooke. These crops share common biological traits: they are vegetatively propagated, flowering of varieties is erratic, ploidy levels are variable, they are allogamous and highly heterozygous. Breeding starts with the selection of parents based on their individual value. Hybrids are evaluated for a few traits and undesirable genotypes are discarded as soon as possible (Lebot, 2013). The national programs and CGIAR have been conducting RTB breeding programs for more than 30 years. A lot of progress has been made in the characterization of genetic resources, development of phenotyping tools, optimization of breeding schemes and lastly the integration of genomic tools in breeding programs. Genome Wide Association Studies and/or Genomic Selection are applied to all the crops concerned. Implementing of genetic and molecular approaches is contributing actively to the acceleration of the rate of genetic gains in the different on-going breeding projects. These efforts allowed the release of high yielding varieties and abiotic and/or biotic resistant ones. The quality is a trait, which is addressed from the beginning of the process or at the end when the breeding for the targeted traits was reached (Friedmann et al. 2018). Breeders use basic quality parameters associated with consumer preference (high dry matter, color, oxidation, and various attributes of the roots, tubers, or fruit) as selection criteria. The heritability of roots, tubers and banana quality traits valued by processors and end-users is little known or completely lacking for certain crops. Indeed, the means and subsequently the research investment on each crop, for quality and breeding, are not equal. We reviewed the statistics on the papers published on each c