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Mapping cropping systems and associated practices to characterize pesticide pollution over time

Dufleit V., Tran A., Bonnal V., Lecat L., Degenne P., Cattan P.. 2023. Environnement Risques et Santé, 22 : p. 64-72.

DOI: 10.18167/DVN1/GCOYQD

DOI: 10.18167/DVN1/LYC8N8

DOI: 10.18167/DVN1/E4UNIU

DOI: 10.1684/ers.2023.1762

To study the impact of pesticide uses in agriculture on human health, data on the types and quantities of pesticide active substances introduced into the environment over a long period of time are needed. However, when there is no systematic or available written records of pesticide applications, the characterization of environmental contamination remains challenging. In this technical note, we propose a method to organize heterogeneous information to represent the spatial dynamics of pesticide uses, with the case of Guadeloupe, French West Indies. Based on various data sources (paper maps, digital geographic data, articles and technical reports, pesticide products information, interviews), different databases were built: i) a land use database (1969-2019), with maps of the main three groups of crops in Guadeloupe: banana, sugar cane and market gardening; ii) a database of agricultural practices regarding the use of pesticides and their evolution over time for these groups of crops; iii) a database of available active substances according to time. Homogenized datasets of banana, sugar cane and market gardening plots allow to visualize the crop distribution at different periods of time and the evolution trend of cultivated areas. The database on agricultural practices regarding the use of pesticide includes the description of different 'pesticide itineraries' - characterized by information on the cropping system and on the schedule of pesticide applications, and their evolution through time. The database on active substances includes two types of information: for each year since 1960, the characteristics of authorized active substances based on regulation, and of available active substances, based on farmers' practices in Guadeloupe. All databases are made available on an open data repository; they will be used to derive indicators of pesticide pressure and study the link between cancer cases and the presence of pesticides in the environment.

Mots-clés : pesticide; système de culture; pollution par l'agriculture; carte de pollution; banque de données; pratique agricole; cartographie; cartographie de l'utilisation des terres; agriculture numérique; france; guadeloupe; antilles françaises

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