Anthracnose of bananas, caused by Colletotrichum musae, is the most important postharvest disease affecting the quality of exported fruits from the French West Indies. This disease develops during fruit conservation and ripening and it depreciates the fruit marketability. Anthracnose is in practice controlled by a postharvest fungicide. However, under Guadeloupe conditions, this chemical control has now reached deadlock for three main reasons : (a) aerial fungicidal sprays to control Sigatoka disease have resulted in the appearance of strains resistant to the active ingredients used for anthracnose postharvest control; (b) fungicidal tratments are not effective in all production zones, quite apart from the appearance of resistance; (c) consumer demand is for a reduction in pesticide use, especially those applied postharvest. So, there is a need for new control strategies, and these could be developed from a better knowledge of the bioecology of the pathogens