Rinderpest is a major epizootic disease of cattle caused by a morbillivirus. It is acknowledged to be one of the most devastating livestock diseases and the major epizootic; experienced by Africa over the past century that have always led to high mortality rates among bovines. Although it was eradicated from Europe during the first third of the twentieth century, the disease persists on the African and Asian continents, where it continues to pose a major threat to the development of livestock production. Maintaining effective surveillance systems is integral to managing the risk of rinderpest by partially protecting the territory against the disease and providing early warning, which should lead to emergency measures.