This memo presents the most significant results of a study on the comparative advantages of selected Syrian agro-food chains carried out from September 2003 to June 2004 by the National Agricultural Policy Centre with the assistance of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Scope of the study. The study included strategic commodities such as wheat, cotton and olive oil, as well as other agricultural products, which have an increasing importance for the Syrian agriculture, such as tomato, orange and livestock. On one hand the study assessed whether the Syrian agro-food system has a comparative advantage to supply wheat flour, Fresh Orange Juice Concentrate (FOJC), beef meat, packed milk to the domestic market. On the other hand the study assed whether Syria could have a comparative advantage in exporting cotton lint, wheat pasta, filtered olive oil, fresh tomato, tomato pasta, fresh orange to AFTA and European markets.