Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Small Colony (MmmSC), is one of the most serious cattle diseases in Africa. Its eradication still requires the development of efficient long term protective vaccines. To this aim, current researches are dedicated to: 1) the characterization of the protective immune parameters and the understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms and 2) the development of improved vaccine strategies either relying on the identification of potential MmmSC vaccine antigens and relevant delivery systems for the development of sub unit vaccines or based on recombinant MmmSC vaccines by inactivation of selected virulent factors. A review of the scientific results and vaccinal strategies will be presented.