In recent years a major revolution has occurred in the analysis and understanding of pathogenesis and host-pathogens/parasite interactions. This revolution has been achieved through the emergence of the high-throughput integrative approaches used in the "omics" fields-such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, interactomics, and metabolomics. The novelty of these approaches has resulted from the development of high-throughput apparatus, assisted by the increasing power and software of computers that allow for high-speed, multifactorial simultaneous analysis of numerous samples. This level of integration allows for in-depth analysis ofmechanisms, pace, and patterns of the evolution and adaptation of pathogens. This evolution from linear to multifactorial approaches has opened new ways of creating and characterizing new vaccines, diagnostic candidates, and drug targets.