To promote a sustainable pastoral production, some ecological regions of Senegal particularly the one in the sylvopastoral Zone (ZSP) have been devoted to livestock raising. At the same time as the installation of water supply equipments was done, natural resource management techniques such as the delimitation of protected areas, application of a stocking rate in rangelands and recently, the adoption of a holistic approach of resource management, were implemented with the participation of divers stakeholders with the aim of enhancing production in the region. However, heavy climatic constraints have revealed the limits of these technologies and sometimes of their non adaptation. This situation has also shown the efficiency of pastoral practices that have allowed pastoralists to save their livestock when regressive tendency was observed on the rangelands. This paper describe the evolution in the utilization of natural resources in the sylvopastoral realize and the reactions of pastoral people face to proposed natural resource management techniques.