The genus Calliptamus (Orthoptera, Acrididae) includes locusts and grasshoppers, spread mainly throughout the Mediterranean Basin and as far as the southern part of Siberia. Some species are of substantial economic importance, such as C. italicus (Linné, 1758). Despite many studies on their taxonomy and biology, the identification of many species remains difficult, particularly for females and nymphs. Furthermore, in spite of their economic importance, dispersion capabilities which could have an impact in outbreak as demonstrated for other locusts - are not well understood. In order to clarify both aspects - identification and dispersion capabilities - we tried to develop molecular tools for various species of this genus distributed in Southern France. We focused our studies on C. italicus, C. barbarus (Costa, 1836) and C. wattenwylianus (Pantel, 1896). In order to facilitate the identification process, we developed a multiplex PCR assays to discriminate - quickly and inexpensively - any specimen collected in the field at the species level. Then, we developed new microsatellite markers to be used for further studies on dispersion capabilities. Seven markers were obtained for C. barbarus, six for C. italicus, three of them cross amplified on C. wattenwylianus. Genetic analyses were performed on two sampling seasons, at different geographic scales: the first study at an individual level (on two sites of 72 km² and 40 km apart, in Southern France), the second at a population level at different localities throughout the Mediterranean Basin. Analyses are in progress and results will be provided during the congress. (Texte intégral)